關(guan)于(yu)高(gao)壓與低(di)壓，強電(dian)與弱電(dian)的(de)概念，在“電(dian)”行(xing)業里，有很多種(zhong)說法，也常常讓(rang)“搞電(dian)”人(ren)界定模糊，一直(zhi)想(xiang)花(hua)點(dian)時間(jian)把(ba)四者間(jian)的(de)關(guan)系整理一下，今天小編就寫點(dian)個人(ren)的(de)理解，如有不妥(tuo)，請(qing)高(gao)手指教。

一、高壓與低壓的(de)規定

按過去國家行業標準《電業安全工作規程》的規定：“電氣設備分(fen)為高(gao)壓(ya)和低壓(ya)兩(liang)種，高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設備：對(dui)地電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)在(zai)(zai)250V以上者；低壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設備：對(dui)地電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)在(zai)(zai)250V及(ji)以下者。” 而新國家電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業標準(zhun)《電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)業安全工(gong)作(zuo)規(gui)程》規(gui)定：“電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器工(gong)作(zuo)分(fen)為高(gao)壓(ya)和低壓(ya)兩(liang)種，高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設備：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等級在(zai)(zai)1000V及(ji)以上者；低壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設備：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等級在(zai)(zai)1000V以下者；”

雖然二(er)者(zhe)說(shuo)法不一，其實二(er)者(zhe)是差(cha)不多的(de)(de)(de)(de)，國家(jia)行業標準(zhun)說(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是對地電(dian)壓，即相電(dian)壓，而國電(dian)公(gong)司企業標準(zhun)說(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是線電(dian)壓；我國的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓等級就這幾個(ge)，實際是一樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)；

之所以出現(xian)二個(ge)標(biao)準(zhun)，個(ge)人認為(wei)是政企分開后，國(guo)家電(dian)網公(gong)司作為(wei)一(yi)個(ge)企業，沒(mei)有能力(li)發布行(xing)(xing)(xing)業標(biao)準(zhun)，而(er)政府(fu)部(bu)門和其它行(xing)(xing)(xing)業又沒(mei)有精力(li)和能力(li)去完成這(zhe)項工作，造成技術標(biao)準(zhun)相(xiang)對(dui)滯(zhi)后；在使用(yong)中(zhong)，國(guo)家電(dian)網公(gong)司系(xi)統(tong)內，必須執行(xing)(xing)(xing)國(guo)家電(dian)網公(gong)司的企業標(biao)準(zhun)，而(er)在系(xi)統(tong)外(wai)部(bu)，由于行(xing)(xing)(xing)業標(biao)準(zhun)并未(wei)修訂，還繼(ji)續(xu)有效(xiao)。

二、強電與(yu)弱電的規定

強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與(yu)弱(ruo)(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)相對的(de)(de)概念，從概念上講，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)區(qu)別(bie)是(shi)用途的(de)(de)不同，而不能單純的(de)(de)以(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)大小來界定(ding)兩(liang)者關系(xi)(如(ru)果非要(yao)(yao)指定(ding)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)區(qu)分(fen)的(de)(de)話(hua)，那就把36V(人體安全電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya))以(yi)上劃(hua)定(ding)為強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian), 36V(人體安全電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya))以(yi)下劃(hua)定(ding)為弱(ruo)(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)) ，兩(liang)者既有(you)聯系(xi)又有(you)區(qu)別(bie)，一般區(qu)分(fen)原(yuan)則是(shi)：強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)處理(li)對象是(shi)能源(yuan)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力），其(qi)特點是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)高(gao)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流大、功率(lv)(lv)大、頻率(lv)(lv)低，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)考(kao)慮的(de)(de)問題是(shi)減少(shao)損耗、提高(gao)效率(lv)(lv)，弱(ruo)(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)處理(li)對象主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是(shi)信息，即信息的(de)(de)傳(chuan)送和控制，其(qi)特點是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)低、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流小、功率(lv)(lv)小、頻率(lv)(lv)高(gao)，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)考(kao)慮的(de)(de)是(shi)信息傳(chuan)送的(de)(de)效果問題，如(ru)信息傳(chuan)送的(de)(de)保真度(du)、速度(du)、廣(guang)度(du)、可(ke)靠性。它(ta)們(men)大致有(you)如(ru)下區(qu)別(bie)：

（1）交流頻率不同

強電(dian)的頻率一(yi)般(ban)是(shi)(shi)50Hz，稱“工頻”，意即工業用電(dian)的頻率；弱電(dian)的頻率往往是(shi)(shi)高(gao)頻或特高(gao)頻，以(yi)KHz（千赫茲）、MHz（兆(zhao)赫茲）計。

（2）傳輸方式不同

 強(qiang)電(dian)(dian)以(yi)輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路傳輸(shu)，弱電(dian)(dian)以(yi)有線(xian)(xian)(xian)或(huo)無(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)傳輸(shu)。無(wu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)則(ze)以(yi)電(dian)(dian)磁波傳輸(shu)。

（3）功率、電壓(ya)及電流大小不同

強電(dian)功(gong)率以KW（千(qian)瓦）、MW（兆瓦）計、電(dian)壓以V（伏(fu)）、KV（千(qian)伏(fu)）計，電(dian)流以A（安）、kA（千(qian)安）計；弱電(dian)功(gong)率以W（瓦）、mW（毫瓦）計，電(dian)壓以V（伏(fu)）、mV（毫伏(fu)）計，電(dian)流以mA（毫安）、uA（微安）計，因而(er)其電(dian)路(lu)可以用(yong)印刷電(dian)路(lu)或集成電(dian)路(lu)構(gou)成。

強(qiang)電(dian)中也有高(gao)頻(pin)（數百KHz）與中頻(pin)設(she)備，但電(dian)壓(ya)較高(gao)，電(dian)流也較大。由于現代(dai)技術的發展，弱電(dian)己(ji)滲透到強(qiang)電(dian)領域，如電(dian)力電(dian)子器(qi)件、無線遙控等(deng)，但這些(xie)只能(neng)算作強(qiang)電(dian)中的弱電(dian)控制部分(fen)，它與被控的強(qiang)電(dian)還是(shi)不(bu)同的。

由(you)上可知，強(qiang)電與弱電分類舉例如下(xia)：

強電(dian)一般是指市電(dian)系統(tong)、照明(ming)系統(tong)等(deng)供配電(dian)系統(tong),包括(kuo)空(kong)調線(xian)、照明(ming)線(xian)、插座線(xian)、動力線(xian)、高壓(ya)線(xian)之類的(de)。弱電(dian)主(zhu)要有兩類：一類是國家(jia)規定的(de)安全電(dian)壓(ya)等(deng)級及控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)壓(ya)等(deng)低電(dian)壓(ya)電(dian)能，有交流(liu)與(yu)直流(liu)之分，如24V直流(liu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)源，或應急照明(ming)燈備用電(dian)源。另一類是載(zai)有語音(yin)、圖像(xiang)、數據等(deng)信息(xi)的(de)信息(xi)源，如音(yin)頻、視頻線(xian)路(lu)、網絡線(xian)路(lu)、電(dian)話線(xian)路(lu)、音(yin)響設(she)(she)備（輸出(chu)端線(xian)路(lu)）、樓宇自動控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(如門禁和安防)等(deng)均為(wei)弱電(dian)電(dian)氣設(she)(she)備。

根(gen)據弱電(dian)(dian)傳導(dao)(dao)信號，強電(dian)(dian)傳導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)能的(de)根(gen)本原則，我們很容易就(jiu)可(ke)以把強電(dian)(dian)與弱電(dian)(dian)區(qu)分開來(lai)了(le)。由(you)上面描述，四者間的(de)關系可(ke)以大概這么(me)闡述：

高(gao)壓一定(ding)(ding)包括強電，強電不一定(ding)(ding)屬于高(gao)壓；

低壓一定(ding)包括弱(ruo)電，弱(ruo)電一定(ding)屬于低壓；

低壓(ya)不(bu)一定就是強(qiang)電，強(qiang)電不(bu)一定就是低壓(ya)。